Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study

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Dr. Satish K M
MBBS, DVD, Skin and DV Specialist
Prasad Skin, Hair, Cosmetology Clinic

Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential nutrients known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present. Researchers evaluated the EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects.

Over 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n=23 acne comedonica (AC], n=37 acne papulopustulosa (AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae-derived ω-3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1–8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8-16).  At four visits (V1–V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS-omega 3 index (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes: Target 8% to 11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires.

At baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS-omega 3 index rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p<0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p=0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were observed (p<0.001). While self-reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality-of-life improved (p<0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow’s milk and dairy products reduced (p<0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported.

Many acne patients have an ω-3 FA deficit. A Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae-derived ω-3 FA can increase the HS-omega 3 index. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω-3 FA levels.

Reference: Guertler A, Neu K, Lill D, et al. Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(10):3295–3304.