MODULE – 07

Acne, affecting around 9.4% of the global population, is among the most prevalent skin conditions. Hormonal imbalance is a key driver, especially in adult women over 20, where the condition commonly affects the lower third of the face. Overactive sebaceous glands, influenced by androgens, IGF-1, and stress hormones, lead to excess sebum, follicular blockage, and bacterial growth. Triggers include genetics, diet, cosmetics, stress, and poor sleep. Management targets androgen activity using combined oral contraceptives, topical clascoterone, spironolactone, and other anti-androgenic agents.